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Sundin, E.C. 
ORCID: 0000-0001-7490-035X and Horowitz, M.J.,
2003.
Horowitz's 'Impact of event scale'. Evolution of 20 years of use.
Psychosomatic Medicine, 65 (5), pp. 870-876.
ISSN 1534-7796
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Abstract
Objective The main objective of this meta-analysis was to model the relations between a set of independent variables (age and gender of the trauma group, country where the study was done, year of publication, type of event, time elapsed between event and measurement) and stress symptoms. Methods Data from sixty-six studies which used Horowitz’ Impact of Event Scale (IES) to examine the psychological impact of a major life-event were meta-analyzed. Results Results from hierarchical regression analysis indicated that different types of event (episodes of illness and injury, natural and technological disaster, bereavement and loss, violence, sexual abuse, and war exposure) is a strong predictor of levels of intrusive and avoidant symptoms after a traumatic event. Intrusive and avoidant reactions reported by trauma victims tended to decrease linearly over time after the trauma. This finding was supported by the results reported by 20 different studies of stress reactions at two different time-points after various events. Gender and cultural difference were relatively insignificant while type of of event induced different levels of stress reactions as measured with the IES. Conclusion These data provide evidence for the value of the IES as a measure of stress reactions in a number of different populations. Data summarized here will be useful as a comparison resource in future studies of stress response syndromes.
| Item Type: | Journal article | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Description: | Not the final published version | ||||
| Publication Title: | Psychosomatic Medicine | ||||
| Creators: | Sundin, E.C. and Horowitz, M.J. | ||||
| Publisher: | Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins | ||||
| Date: | 2003 | ||||
| Volume: | 65 | ||||
| Number: | 5 | ||||
| ISSN: | 1534-7796 | ||||
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| Rights: | © 2003 American Psychosomatic Society | ||||
| Divisions: | Schools > School of Social Sciences | ||||
| Record created by: | EPrints Services | ||||
| Date Added: | 09 Oct 2015 10:48 | ||||
| Last Modified: | 09 Jun 2017 13:39 | ||||
| URI: | https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/18493 |
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