Effects of reduced energy availability on bone metabolism in women and men

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Papageorgiou, M., Elliott-Sale, K.J. ORCID: 0000-0003-1122-5099, Parsons, A., Tang, J.C.Y., Greeves, J.P., Fraser, W.D. and Sale, C. ORCID: 0000-0002-5816-4169, 2017. Effects of reduced energy availability on bone metabolism in women and men. Bone, 105, pp. 191-199. ISSN 8756-3282

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.019

Abstract

Background: The short-term effects of low energy availability (EA) on bone metabolism in physically active women and men are currently unknown.

Purpose: We evaluated the effects of low EA on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in a cohort of women and a cohort of men, and compared effects between sexes.

Methods: These studies were performed using a randomised, counterbalanced, crossover design. Eleven eumenorrheic women and eleven men completed two 5-day protocols of controlled (CON; 45 kcal·kgLBM-1.d-1) and restricted (RES; 15 kcal.kgLBM-1·d-1) EAs. Participants ran daily on a treadmill at 70% of their peak aerobic capacity (VO2 peak) resulting in an exercise energy expenditure of 15 kcal·kgLBM-1·d-1 and consumed diets providing 60 and 30 kcal·kgLBM-1·d-1. Blood was analysed for BTMs [β-carboxyl-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) and amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP)], markers of calcium metabolism [( parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin-adjusted calcium (ACa), magnesium (Mg) and phosphate (PO4)] and regulatory hormones [sclerostin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T3), insulin, leptin, glucagon-like- peptide-2 (GLP-2)].

Results: In women,β-CTX AUC was significantly higher P=0.03) and P1NP AUC was significantly lower (P=0.01) in RES compared to CON. In men, neither β-CTX (P=0.46) n or P1NP (P=0.12) AUCs were significantly different between CON and RES. There were no significant differences between sexes for any BTM AUCs (all P values>0.05). Insulin and leptin AUCs were significantly lower following RES in women only (for both P=0.01). There were no differences in any AUCs of regulatory hormones or markers of calcium metabolism between men and women following RES (all P values>0.05).

Conclusions: When comparing within groups, five days of low EA (15 kcal·kgLBM-1·d-1) decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption in women, but not in men, and no sex specific differences were detected.

Item Type:

Journal article

Publication Title:

Bone

Creators:

Papageorgiou, M., Elliott-Sale, K.J., Parsons, A., Tang, J.C.Y., Greeves, J.P., Fraser, W.D. and Sale, C.

Publisher:

Elsevier

Date:

December 2017

Volume:

105