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Xu, S., Liao, Z., Dianat, A., Park, S., Addicoat, M.A. 
ORCID: 0000-0002-5406-7927, Fu, Y., Pastoetter, D.L., Fabozzi, F.G., Liu, Y., Cuniberti, G., Richter, M., Hecht, S. and Feng, X.,
2022.
Combination of Knoevenagel polycondensation and water‐assisted dynamic Michael‐addition‐elimination for the synthesis of vinylene‐linked 2D covalent organic frameworks.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
ISSN 1433-7851
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Abstract
Vinylene-linked two-dimensional conjugated covalent organic frameworks (V-2D-COFs), belonging to the class of two-dimensional conjugated polymers, have attracted increasing attention due to their extended π-conjugation over the 2D backbones associated with high chemical stability. The Knoevenagel polycondensation has been demonstrated as a robust synthetic method to provide cyano (CN)-substituted V-2D-COFs with unique optoelectronic, magnetic, and redox properties. Despite the successful synthesis, it remains elusive for the relevant polymerization mechanism, which leads to relatively low crystallinity and poor reproducibility. In this work, we demonstrate the novel synthesis of CN-substituted V-2D-COFs via the combination of Knoevenagel polycondensation and water-assisted dynamic Michael-addition-elimination, abbreviated as KMAE polymerization. The existence of C=C bond exchange between two diphenylacrylonitriles (M1 and M6) is firstly confirmed via in-situ high-temperature NMR spectroscopy study of model reactions. Notably, the intermediate M4 synthesized via Michael-addition can proceed the Michael-elimination quantitatively, leading to an efficient C=C bond exchange, unambiguously confirming the dynamic nature of Michael-addition-elimination. Furthermore, the addition of water can significantly promote the reaction rate of Michael-addition-elimination for highly efficient C=C bond exchange within 5 mins. As a result, the KMAE polymerization provides a highly efficient strategy for the synthesis of CN-substituted V-2D-COFs with high crystallinity, as demonstrated by four examples of V-2D-COF-TFPB-PDAN, V-2D-COF-TFPT-PDAN, V-2D-COF-TFPB-BDAN, and V-2D-COF-HATN-BDAN, based on the simulated and experimental powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns as well as N2-adsorption-desorption measurements. Moreover, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis shows crystalline domain sizes ranging from 20 to 100 nm for the newly synthesized V-2D-COFs.
| Item Type: | Journal article | ||||||
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| Publication Title: | Angewandte Chemie International Edition | ||||||
| Creators: | Xu, S., Liao, Z., Dianat, A., Park, S., Addicoat, M.A., Fu, Y., Pastoetter, D.L., Fabozzi, F.G., Liu, Y., Cuniberti, G., Richter, M., Hecht, S. and Feng, X. | ||||||
| Publisher: | Wiley | ||||||
| Date: | 6 March 2022 | ||||||
| ISSN: | 1433-7851 | ||||||
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| Rights: | This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Xu, S., Liao, Z., Dianat, A., Park, S., Addicoat, M. A., Fu, Y., Pastoetter, D.L, Fabozzi, F.G., Liu, Y., Cuniberti, G., Richter, M., Hecht, S., Feng, X. (in press). Combination of Knoevenagel polycondensation and water‐assisted dynamic Michael‐addition‐elimination for the synthesis of vinylene‐linked 2D covalent organic frameworks. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202202492 . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited. | ||||||
| Divisions: | Schools > School of Science and Technology | ||||||
| Record created by: | Linda Sullivan | ||||||
| Date Added: | 15 Mar 2022 11:15 | ||||||
| Last Modified: | 06 Mar 2023 03:00 | ||||||
| URI: | https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/45891 |
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