External training load is associated with adaptation in bone and body composition over the course of a season in elite male footballers

Varley, I ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-8921, Ward, M, Thorpe, C, Beardsley, N, Greeves, J, Sale, C and Saward, C ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9363-3410, 2023. External training load is associated with adaptation in bone and body composition over the course of a season in elite male footballers. Bone Reports, 18: 101643. ISSN 2352-1872

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Abstract

This study examined the relationship between training load and changes in body composition and bone characteristics across a competitive season. Twenty senior male professional football players participated in this prospective longitudinal study. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans on four occasions across the study period, resulting in three phases of the season. Phase 1 (Scan 1-Scan 2: 6-weeks: pre-season), Phase 2 (Scan 2-Scan 3: 24-weeks: first part of the season), and Phase 3 (Scan 3-Scan 4: 13-weeks: second part of the season). External training load was quantified using GPS devices. In Phase 1 there was a significant increase (mean ± SE) in lean mass (from 66.0 ± 1.4 to 67.8 ± 1.4 kg) and a significant decrease in fat mass (from 11.5 ± 0.6 to 10.4 ± 0.6 kg). In Phase 2 there were significant increases in whole-body BMD (from 1.41 ± 0.02 to 1.43 ± 0.02 g/cm2), leg (from 1563 ± 43 to 1572 ± 43 g) and whole-body BMC (from 3807 ± 100 to 3860 ± 100 g), tibial mass (14 % site) (from 3.72 ± 0.08 to 3.74 ± 0.08 g), tibial strength (SSI(POL)14 % site) (from 2331 ± 78 to 2378 ± 78 mm3), and tibial density (4 % site) (from 382 ± 8 to 388 ± 8 mm3). In Phase 3, there was a significant decrease in tibial mass (14 % site) (from 3.74 ± 0.08 to 3.72 ± 0.08 g). Bootstrapped (BCa 95 % CI) Pearson correlations showed that in Phase 2 there were significant positive relationships between the increases in leg BMC and total distance (r = 0.44, 0.01–0.80), accelerations (r = 0.45, 0.08–0.75), and decelerations (r = 0.49, 0.07–0.83), and between the increase in tibial strength (SSI(POL)14 % site) and accelerations (r = 0.53, 0.19–0.80). High magnitude dynamic actions, such as accelerations and decelerations were positively correlated with changes in bone characteristics during a professional football season and should be considered by practitioners when prescribing exercise to induce bone adaptation.

Item Type: Journal article
Publication Title: Bone Reports
Creators: Varley, I., Ward, M., Thorpe, C., Beardsley, N., Greeves, J., Sale, C. and Saward, C.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: June 2023
Volume: 18
ISSN: 2352-1872
Identifiers:
Number
Type
10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101643
DOI
S2352187222004776
Publisher Item Identifier
1626359
Other
Rights: © 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Divisions: Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by: Jonathan Gallacher
Date Added: 12 Dec 2022 13:42
Last Modified: 12 Dec 2022 13:42
URI: https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/47630

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