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Aberoumand, M., Soltanmohammadi, K., Rahmatabadi, D., Soleyman, E., Ghasemi, I., Baniassadi, M., Abrinia, K., Bodaghi, M. 
ORCID: 0000-0002-0707-944X and Baghani, M.,
2023.
4D printing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC): a detailed analysis of microstructure, programming, and shape memory performance.
Macromolecular Materials and Engineering: 2200677.
ISSN 1438-7492
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Abstract
In this research, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with excellent shape-memory effects is 4D printed via fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. An experimental procedure for successful 3D printing of lab-made filament from PVC granules is introduced. Macro- and microstructural features of 3D printed PVC are investigated by means of wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) techniques. A promising shape-memory feature of PVC is hypothesized from the presence of small close imperfect thermodynamically stable crystallites as physical crosslinks, which are further reinforced by mesomorphs and possibly molecular entanglement. A detailed analysis of shape fixity and shape recovery performance of 3D printed PVC is carried out considering three programming scenarios of cold (Tg −45 °C), warm (Tg −15 °C), and hot (Tg +15 °C) and two load holding times of 0 s, and 600 s under three-point bending and compression modes. Extensive insightful discussions are presented, and in conclusion, shape-memory effects are promising, ranging from 83.24% to 100%. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to fill a gap in the state-of-the-art shape-memory materials library for 4D printing, and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the 3D printing of shape-memory PVC-based structures.
| Item Type: | Journal article | ||||||
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| Publication Title: | Macromolecular Materials and Engineering | ||||||
| Creators: | Aberoumand, M., Soltanmohammadi, K., Rahmatabadi, D., Soleyman, E., Ghasemi, I., Baniassadi, M., Abrinia, K., Bodaghi, M. and Baghani, M. | ||||||
| Publisher: | Wiley | ||||||
| Date: | 20 February 2023 | ||||||
| ISSN: | 1438-7492 | ||||||
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| Rights: | © 2023 The Authors. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | ||||||
| Divisions: | Schools > School of Science and Technology | ||||||
| Record created by: | Laura Ward | ||||||
| Date Added: | 18 Apr 2023 13:18 | ||||||
| Last Modified: | 18 Apr 2023 13:18 | ||||||
| URI: | https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/48770 |
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