The effects of prebiotic and probiotic treatment on asthma, inflammation, and immune function

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Jayaratnasingam, J.O., 2022. The effects of prebiotic and probiotic treatment on asthma, inflammation, and immune function. PhD, Nottingham Trent University.

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Abstract

Asthma affects 5.4 million people in the UK. It is a significant health burden and costs the NHS at least £1.1bn each year. Traditionally treatment of asthma involves pharmacological intervention. However, these methods are not preventative or curative and long-term use can lead to significant side effects and reduced efficacy. The purpose of this thesis was to elucidate the effects of a dietary intervention with prebiotic trans-galactooligosaccharide (B-GOS) in Asthma, and to better understand the role of B-GOS in inflammation.

Therefore, this thesis investigated: (i) the effects of prebiotic trans-galactooligosaccharide (B-GOS) supplementation on quality of life, control of asthma and markers of systemic inflammation in adults with asthma, and; (ii) prebiotics and synbiotics in the treatment of asthma and changes in associated inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human and murine trials. Additionally, this thesis assessed the effects of prebiotics trans-galactooligosaccharide (B-GOS) treatment on; (iii) biological markers of systemic inflammation in healthy adults and; (iv) peripheral blood mononuclear cells under chronic inflammation.

Thirteen studies were included for meta-analyses, eight murine studies and five infant studies. Five treatments from three murine studies indicated that prebiotic treatment (n=3) reduced airway hyper-responsiveness (SMD, -2.19 [-2.91, -1.46] P = 0.001) and synbiotic treatment (n=2) did not (SMD, -0.14 [-0.83, 0.56] P = 0.70). Meta analyses of Five infant studies indicated that prebiotic treatment (n=3) did not reduce cumulative incidence of recurrent wheeze (Risk ratio – 0.85 [95% CI: 0.41, 1.76] P = 0.67) and synbiotic treatment did not (Risk ratio – 0.65 [95% CI: 0.27 – 1.57] P = 0.34). These data provide evidence supporting the beneficial effects of prebiotic treatment in murine models. However, evidence is unsubstantial for prebiotic and synbiotic treatment in infants with asthma.

This Thesis found that 20 days treatment with 3.65g/d of prebiotic B-GOS reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in CD4+ T cells of healthy adults. These findings align with previous work (Williams et al., 2016), and provide further evidence for a potentially protective effect of B-GOS in healthy adults for inflammatory disease risk. Levels of GATA-3 and IL-6 were undetectable, and no differences were observed in CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3 cells, NF-κβ, IL-4 and T cell number after prebiotic treatment.

A novel finding of this thesis was that 20 days treatment with 3.65g/d of prebiotic B-GOS attenuated TNF-α in CD4+ T cells after in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, demonstrating the protective effect of B-GOS in chronic inflammatory conditions. These results provide scope for future research of B-GOS in clinical populations with inflammatory related disease.

Item Type:	Thesis
Creators:	Jayaratnasingam, J.O.
Date:	July 2022
Rights:	This work is the intellectual property of the author. Up to 5% of this work may be copied for private study, or personal, non-commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or request for another other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed in the owner of the Intellectual Property Rights.
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Linda Sullivan
Date Added:	20 Jun 2023 09:52
Last Modified:	20 Jun 2023 09:52
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/49229