Xylo-oligosaccharide-based prebiotics upregulate the proteins of the Sus-like system in caecal Bacteroidetes of the chicken: evidence of stimbiotic mechanism

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Burton, E. ORCID: 0000-0003-2784-6922, 2023. Xylo-oligosaccharide-based prebiotics upregulate the proteins of the Sus-like system in caecal Bacteroidetes of the chicken: evidence of stimbiotic mechanism. Poultry Science, 102 (12): 103113. ISSN 0032-5791

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103113

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the stimbiotic mechanism of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) in degrading the complex polysaccharides by the caecal bacteria of the chicken, by applying a proteomic approach. A total of 800 as-hatched Ross 308 broiler chicks were equally divided into 4 experimental pens (200 chicks per pen) at a commercial barn, allocating 2 pens per treatment. Birds were fed ad libitum with 2 dietary treatments; CON (without XOS) and XOS (with 0.1g XOS/kg diet) from days 0 to 35. Individual birds were weighed weekly whereas caecal content was obtained on day 35 from 10 of the individually weighed and cervically dislocated birds. The caecal bacteria were lysed and their proteins were quantified using label-free quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry. The results showed that XOS significantly increased (P<0.05) bird weight on days 7, 14, 21 and 28, and body weight gain on days 7, 14, 21 and 35 compared to CON. However, no difference (P>0.05) in body weight gain was observed from days 0 to 35 between CON and XOS. The proteomic analysis of caecal bacteria revealed that 29 proteins were expressed differently between the CON and the XOS group. Out of 29, 20 proteins were significantly increased in the XOS group compared to CON and 9 of those proteins belonged to the Starch Utilising System (Sus)-like system of the gram-negative Bacteroidetes. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) is a significant constituent of the human gut microbiota, known for its remarkable ability to hydrolyse most glycosidic bonds of polysaccharides. This microorganism possesses a five-protein complex in its outer membrane, named the starch utilization system (Sus), responsible for adhering to, breaking down, and transporting starch into the cell. Sus serves as an exemplar system for numerous polysaccharide utilization loci that target glycans found in Bt and other members of the Bacteroidetes phylum. The proteins of the Sus-like system are involved in the degradation of complex polysaccharides and transportation of the oligosaccharides into the periplasm of the caecal bacteria where they are further broken down into smaller units. These smaller units are then transported into the cytoplasm of the cell where they are utilised in metabolic pathways leading to the generation of short-chain fatty acids, thus improving the nutritive value of residual feed. In conclusion, XOS supplementation upregulates the expression of the proteins of the Sus-like system indicating its role as a stimbiotic.

Item Type:

Journal article

Publication Title:

Poultry Science

Creators:

Burton, E.

Publisher:

Oxford University Press

Date:

December 2023

Volume:

102