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Lember, L.-M., Ntikas, M., Mondello, S., Wilson, L., Di Virgilio, T.G., Hunter, A.M. 
ORCID: 0000-0001-7562-6145, Kobeissy, F., Mechref, Y., Donaldson, D.I. and Ietswaart, M.,
2024.
The use of biofluid markers to evaluate the consequences of sport-related subconcussive head impact exposure: a scoping review.
Sports Medicine - Open, 10: 12.
ISSN 2199-1170
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Abstract
Background
Amidst growing concern about the safety of sport-related repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI), biofluid markers may provide sensitive, informative, and practical assessment of the effects of RSHI exposure.
Objective
This scoping review aimed to systematically examine the extent, nature, and quality of available evidence from studies investigating the effects of RSHI on biofluid markers, to identify gaps and to formulate guidelines to inform future research.
Methods
PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were adhered to. The protocol was pre-registered through publication. MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, and two clinical trial registries were searched (until March 30, 2022) using descriptors for subconcussive head impacts, biomarkers, and contact sports. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias and quality.
Results
Seventy-nine research publications were included in the review. Forty-nine studies assessed the acute effects, 23 semi-acute and 26 long-term effects of RSHI exposure. The most studied sports were American football, boxing, and soccer, and the most investigated markers were (in descending order): S100 calcium-binding protein beta (S100B), tau, neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and hormones. High or moderate bias was found in most studies, and marker-specific conclusions were subject to heterogeneous and limited evidence. Although the evidence is weak, some biofluid markers—such as NfL—appeared to show promise. More markedly, S100B was found to be problematic when evaluating the effects of RSHI in sport.
Conclusion
Considering the limitations of the evidence base revealed by this first review dedicated to systematically scoping the evidence of biofluid marker levels following RSHI exposure, the field is evidently still in its infancy. As a result, any recommendation and application is premature. Although some markers show promise for the assessment of brain health following RSHI exposure, future large standardized and better-controlled studies are needed to determine biofluid markers’ utility.
| Item Type: | Journal article | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Publication Title: | Sports Medicine - Open | ||||||
| Creators: | Lember, L.-M., Ntikas, M., Mondello, S., Wilson, L., Di Virgilio, T.G., Hunter, A.M., Kobeissy, F., Mechref, Y., Donaldson, D.I. and Ietswaart, M. | ||||||
| Publisher: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC | ||||||
| Date: | 2024 | ||||||
| Volume: | 10 | ||||||
| ISSN: | 2199-1170 | ||||||
| Identifiers: |
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| Rights: | © The Author(s) 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. | ||||||
| Divisions: | Schools > School of Science and Technology | ||||||
| Record created by: | Melissa Cornwell | ||||||
| Date Added: | 30 May 2024 14:54 | ||||||
| Last Modified: | 30 May 2024 14:54 | ||||||
| URI: | https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/51491 |
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