Fate and behaviour of drugs in the environment

Mustapha, A.O., 2012. Fate and behaviour of drugs in the environment. PhD, Nottingham Trent University.

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Abstract

Sewage treatment works (STWs) are routes through which treated wastewater effluents often containing myriads of chemicals are passed into receiving waters due to incomplete removal processes as have been identified in several studies. The current work aimed to determine the levels of these chemicals in the effluents from Stoke Bardolph STW, Nottingham and to determine the fate and behaviour of compounds by conducting degradation batch studies under different treatment conditions. The selection of representative illicit compounds; cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine, heroin and its metabolites 6-monoacetylmorphine and morphine and a pharmaceutical (diazepam) was based on their presence in the STW effluent. The results obtained using solid phase extraction gas-chromatography technique (SPE-GCMS) showed thirteen compounds detected at concentrations between 1.9 and 3147 ng L-1 in effluents from Stoke Bardolph STW. Procaine, bromacil, codeine, lidocaine, ibruprofen, caffeine, nicotine and diazepam were the most abundant compounds in the final effluent with concentrations of 99.2, 1806.8, 33.5, 71.8, 3147, 213.4, 252.5 and 105.2 ng L-1, respectively. The percentage recoveries ranged from 74.5 – 109.6%, with the instrumental limits of detection (LODs) ranges of 0.2 – 12.7 ng L-1, and relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 0.6 – 4.7% were achieved for all the compounds.

Item Type:	Thesis
Creators:	Mustapha, A.O.
Date:	2012
Rights:	This work is the intellectual property of the author. You may copy up to 5% of this work for private study, or personal, non-commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or requests for any other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed in the owner(s) of the Intellectual Property Rights
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	EPrints Services
Date Added:	09 Oct 2015 09:33
Last Modified:	09 Oct 2015 09:33
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/8

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