'You all look the same': non-Muslim men who suffer Islamophobic hate crime in the post-Brexit era

Awan, I and Zempi, I ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-8573, 2020. 'You all look the same': non-Muslim men who suffer Islamophobic hate crime in the post-Brexit era. European Journal of Criminology, 17 (5), pp. 585-602. ISSN 1477-3708

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Abstract

Existing research on Islamophobic hate crime has examined in detail the verbal, physical and emotional attacks against Muslims. However, the experiences of non-Muslim men who suffer Islamophobic hate crime because they look Muslim remain 'invisible' in both official statistics and empirical research. Drawing on data from qualitative interviews with 20 non-Muslim men based in the United Kingdom, we examined their lived experiences of Islamophobic hate crime. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. A deductive approach to thematic analysis was adopted to analyse participants’ narratives, and six overarching themes were developed: (1) Nature of Islamophobic hate crime; (2) Triggers of Islamophobic hate crime; (3) Impact of Islamophobic hate crime; (4) Reporting incidents, responses and barriers to Islamophobic hate; (5) Victims’ coping strategies and (6) Recommendations on tackling the problem. Our findings show that participants experienced Islamophobic hate crime because of ‘trigger’ events namely the Brexit vote, Donald Trump’s presidency as well as ISIS-inspired terrorist attacks in European countries such as France, Germany, Sweden and UK. Participants described being verbally and physically attacked, threatened and harassed as well as their property being damaged. The impacts upon victims included physical, emotional, psychological, and economic damage. These experiences were also damaging to community cohesion and led to polarisation between different communities in the UK.

Item Type: Journal article
Publication Title: European Journal of Criminology
Creators: Awan, I. and Zempi, I.
Publisher: Sage
Date: 1 September 2020
Volume: 17
Number: 5
ISSN: 1477-3708
Identifiers:
Number
Type
10.1177/1477370818812735
DOI
908294
Other
Divisions: Schools > School of Social Sciences
Record created by: Linda Sullivan
Date Added: 05 Nov 2018 16:00
Last Modified: 29 Oct 2020 07:51
URI: https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/34846

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