4D printing self-morphing structures

Tools

Bodaghi, M. ORCID: 0000-0002-0707-944X, Noroozi, R., Zolfagharian, A., Fotouhi, M. and Norouzi, S., 2019. 4D printing self-morphing structures. Materials, 12 (8): 1353. ISSN 1996-1944

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Official URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/8/1353

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to introduce complex structures with self-bending/morphing/rolling features fabricated by 4D printing technology, and replicate their thermo-mechanical behaviors using a simple computational tool. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is implemented to fabricate adaptive composite structures with performance-driven functionality built directly into materials. Structural primitives with self-bending 1D-to-2D features are first developed by functionally graded 4D printing. They are then employed as actuation elements to design complex structures that show 2D-to-3D shape-shifting by self-bending/morphing. The effects of printing speed on the self-bending/morphing characteristics are investigated in detail. Thermo-mechanical behaviors of the 4D-printed structures are simulated by introducing a straightforward method into the commercial finite element (FE) software package of Abaqus that is much simpler than writing a user-defined material subroutine or an in-house FE code. The high accuracy of the proposed method is verified by a comparison study with experiments and numerical results obtained from an in-house FE solution. Finally, the developed digital tool is implemented to engineer several practical self-morphing/rolling structures.

Item Type:

Journal article

Publication Title:

Materials

Creators:

Bodaghi, M., Noroozi, R., Zolfagharian, A., Fotouhi, M. and Norouzi, S.

Publisher:

MDPI

Date:

25 April 2019

Volume:

Number: