Anticipation of 24 h severe energy restriction increases energy intake and reduces physical activity energy expenditure in the prior 24 h, in healthy males

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James, R, James, LJ and Clayton, DJ ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5481-0891, 2020. Anticipation of 24 h severe energy restriction increases energy intake and reduces physical activity energy expenditure in the prior 24 h, in healthy males. Appetite, 152: 104719. ISSN 0195-6663

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104719

Abstract

Intermittent fasting involves alternating between severely restricted and unrestricted energy intake. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) is reduced during, and energy intake is elevated after, a period of energy restriction, but whether these are altered in anticipation of energy restriction is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess energy intake and PAEE in the 24 h before severe energy restriction. In randomised, counterbalanced order, 14 healthy males completed two 48 h trials over 3 days. On day 1, participants were informed which diet they would receive on day 2; either an energy balanced diet providing 100% (2755 (159) kcal; EB) or an energy restricted diet providing 25% (691 (42) kcal; ER), of their estimated energy requirements. Throughout day 1, ad-libitum energy intake was then determined from researcher-provided breakfast (08:30–09:00), lunch (12:30–13:00), afternoon snacks (14:00–18:00) and dinner (19:30–20:00). On day 2, participants consumed their allocated diet as instructed. On day 3, ad-libitum energy intake was assessed at breakfast (08:30–09:00). PAEE was measured throughout via integrated heart-rate and accelerometry monitors. Energy intake was 6% greater on day 1 (260 (344) kcal; P < 0.05) and 14% greater at breakfast on day 3 (223 (59) kcal; P < 0.05) during ER compared to EB. PAEE was 156 (252) kcal lower on day 1 (P < 0.05) and 239 (391) lower on day 2 (P < 0.05) during ER compared to EB. These behavioural compensations meant that the energy deficit produced by 24 h severe energy restriction was attenuated by 1108 (415) kcal (46%) over the study period (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that compensatory changes in energy intake and PAEE occur before, during and after an acute 24 h period of severe energy restriction, likely lessening the energy deficit created.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Appetite
Creators:	James, R., James, L.J. and Clayton, D.J.
Publisher:	Elsevier
Date:	1 September 2020
Volume:	152
ISSN:	0195-6663
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104719 DOI S0195666319315636 Publisher Item Identifier 1318887 Other
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Linda Sullivan
Date Added:	29 Apr 2020 07:57
Last Modified:	31 May 2021 15:03
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/39757