Closed-loop elastic demand control under dynamic pricing program in smart microgrid using super twisting sliding mode controller

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Khan, TA, Ullah, K, Hafeez, G, Khan, I, Khalid, A ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5270-6599, Shafiq, Z, Usman, M and Qazi, AB, 2020. Closed-loop elastic demand control under dynamic pricing program in smart microgrid using super twisting sliding mode controller. Sensors, 20 (16): 4376. ISSN 1424-8220

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164376

Abstract

Electricity demand is rising due to industrialisation, population growth and economic development. To meet this rising electricity demand, towns are renovated by smart cities, where the internet of things enabled devices, communication technologies, dynamic pricing servers and renewable energy sources are integrated. Internet of things (IoT) refers to scenarios where network connectivity and computing capability is extended to objects, sensors and other items not normally considered computers. IoT allows these devices to generate, exchange and consume data without or with minimum human intervention. This integrated environment of smart cities maintains a balance between demand and supply. In this work, we proposed a closed-loop super twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC) to handle the uncertain and fluctuating load to maintain the balance between demand and supply persistently. Demand-side load management (DSLM) consists of agents-based demand response (DR) programs that are designed to control, change and shift the load usage pattern according to the price of the energy of a smart grid community. In smart grids, evolved DR programs are implemented which facilitate controlling of consumer demand by effective regulation services. The DSLM under price-based DR programs perform load shifting, peak clipping and valley filling to maintain the balance between demand and supply. We demonstrate a theoretical control approach for persistent demand control by dynamic price-based closed-loop STSMC. A renewable energy integrated microgrid scenario is discussed numerically to show that the demand of consumers can be controlled through STSMC, which regulates the electricity price to the DSLM agents of the smart grid community. The overall demand elasticity of the current study is represented by a first-order dynamic price generation model having a piece-wise linear price-based DR program. The simulation environment for this whole scenario is developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulations validate that the closed-loop price-based elastic demand control technique can trace down the generation of a renewable energy integrated microgrid.

Item Type:	Journal article
Description:	In Special Issue: Applications of IoT and Machine Learning in Smart Cities.
Publication Title:	Sensors
Creators:	Khan, T.A., Ullah, K., Hafeez, G., Khan, I., Khalid, A., Shafiq, Z., Usman, M. and Qazi, A.B.
Publisher:	MDPI AG
Date:	5 August 2020
Volume:	20
Number:	16
ISSN:	1424-8220
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.3390/s20164376 DOI 1351648 Other
Rights:	c 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Jill Tomkinson
Date Added:	11 Aug 2020 09:14
Last Modified:	31 May 2021 15:15
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/40421