Caccamo, D., Currò, M., Lentile, R., Verderio, E.A. ORCID: 0000-0001-9153-8997, Scala, A., Mazzaglia, A., Pennisi, R., Musarra-Pizzo, M., Zagami, R., Neri, G., Rosmini, C., Potara, M., Focsan, M., Astilean, S., Piperno, A. and Sciortino, M.T., 2020. Intracellular fate and impact on gene expression of doxorubicin/cyclodextrin-graphene nanomaterials at sub-toxic concentration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21 (14): 4891. ISSN 1661-6596
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Abstract
The graphene road in nanomedicine still seems very long and winding because the current knowledge about graphene/cell interactions and the safety issues are not yet sufficiently clarified. Specifically, the impact of graphene exposure on gene expression is a largely unexplored concern. Herein, we investigated the intracellular fate of graphene (G) decorated with cyclodextrins (CD) and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and the modulation of genes involved in cancer-associated canonical pathways. Intracellular fate of GCD@DOX, tracked by FLIM, Raman mapping and fluorescence microscopy, evidenced the efficient cellular uptake of GCD@DOX and the presence of DOX in the nucleus, without graphene carrier. The NanoString nCounter™ platform provided evidence for 34 (out of 700) differentially expressed cancer-related genes in HEp-2 cells treated with GCD@DOX (25 µg/mL) compared with untreated cells. Cells treated with GCD alone (25 µg/mL) showed modification for 16 genes. Overall, 14 common genes were differentially expressed in both GCD and GCD@DOX treated cells and 4 of these genes with an opposite trend. The modification of cancer related genes also at sub-cytotoxic G concentration should be taken in consideration for the rational design of safe and effective G-based drug/gene delivery systems. The reliable advantages provided by NanoString® technology, such as sensibility and the direct RNA measurements, could be the cornerstone in this field.
Item Type: | Journal article | ||||||
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Publication Title: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences | ||||||
Creators: | Caccamo, D., Currò, M., Lentile, R., Verderio, E.A., Scala, A., Mazzaglia, A., Pennisi, R., Musarra-Pizzo, M., Zagami, R., Neri, G., Rosmini, C., Potara, M., Focsan, M., Astilean, S., Piperno, A. and Sciortino, M.T. | ||||||
Publisher: | MDPI AG | ||||||
Date: | 10 July 2020 | ||||||
Volume: | 21 | ||||||
Number: | 14 | ||||||
ISSN: | 1661-6596 | ||||||
Identifiers: |
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Rights: | © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | ||||||
Divisions: | Schools > School of Science and Technology | ||||||
Record created by: | Linda Sullivan | ||||||
Date Added: | 28 Sep 2020 07:53 | ||||||
Last Modified: | 31 May 2021 15:16 | ||||||
URI: | https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/40967 |
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