Simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature using liquid crystal particles

Ju, X, 1996. Simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature using liquid crystal particles. PhD, Nottingham Trent University.

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Abstract

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a well established, non-intrusive technique, for full field flow measurements. It combines qualitative flow visualization with quantitative measurements, thus providing fluid mechanics with a most powerful tool. The display of colour distribution from Thermochromic Liquid Crystals (TLC) due to changes in temperature have been frequently exploited in the measurement of surface temperature. Thermochromic liquid crystals in encapsulated form can also act as particles for suspension in liquids, and due to their responsiveness to temperature, enable velocity and temperature to be measured simultaneously.

Velocity and temperature are two essential parameters for a basic understanding of heat transfer and heat convection phenomena. Traditional techniques for measuring velocity and temperature such as Laser Doppler Anemometry, Hot Wire Anemometry and Thermocouplling are generally point-wise. The technique of combining PIV with thermochromic liquid crystals will provide full field information on velocity and temperature simultaneously and can therefore be more advantageous. For the purpose of simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature, video based PIV, instead of photographic PIV, is proposed using encapsulated liquid crystals as suspended particles in the liquid. Direct digital colour images are used for temperature measurement instead of colour photographs. This simplifies the procedure of the colour and temperature calibration and also provides fast full field temperature from a single colour image. However, direct usage of digital images for video based PIV leads to limitations caused by low resolution and low frame rate which is inherent to digital image facilities.

Low resolution of the video based PIV images, invalidates the assumption that the local velocity distribution in the interrogation region is uniform. The effects of local non- uniformity in the region are investigated. Evidence is provided that the accuracy of video based PIV is largely affected by local non-uniformity. Optimal parameters such as particle image density, the interrogation spot size and the particle image size are selected for video based PIV. An improved cross-correlation method is proposed to deduce the effects of local non-uniformity, which significantly improves the results when compared with the conventional PIV.

Several colour spaces are investigated for temperature measurement, especially the hue representations in HSI (Hue, Saturation and Intensity) colour space. The hue representation is selected since this gives a monotonic relationship with temperature and provides the largest temperature measurement range. The effects of saturation, intensity and viewing angle are investigated.

Finally, simultaneous velocity and temperature distributions are presented for natural convection flows. Uncertainties in the measurements are discussed.

Item Type:	Thesis
Creators:	Ju, X.
Date:	1996
ISBN:	9781369323672
Identifiers:	Number Type PQ10290118 Other
Rights:	This copy of the thesis has been supplied for the purpose of research or private study under the condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis, and no information derived from it, may be published without proper acknowledgement.
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Linda Sullivan
Date Added:	02 Oct 2020 12:53
Last Modified:	29 Sep 2023 14:22
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/41114

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