4D printed shape memory sandwich structures: experimental analysis and numerical modeling

Serjouei, A ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7250-4131, Yousefi, A, Jenaki, A, Bodaghi, M ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-944X and Mehrpouya, M, 2022. 4D printed shape memory sandwich structures: experimental analysis and numerical modeling. Smart Materials and Structures, 31 (5): 055014. ISSN 0964-1726

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Abstract

Additive manufacturing has provided a unique opportunity to fabricate highly complex structures as well as sandwich structures with various out-of-plane cores. The application of intelligent materials, such as shape memory polymers, gives an additional dimension to the three-dimensional (3D) printing process, known as four-dimensional (4D) printing, so that the deformed structures can return to their initial shape by the influence of an external stimulus like temperature. In this study, 4D printing of smart sandwich structures with the potential of energy absorption is investigated. The samples were fabricated considering various process parameters (i.e., layer height, nozzle temperature, printing velocity, and wall thickness) and tested mechanically. The experimental work reveals that the deformed sandwiches can fully recover their initial form by applying simple heating. Besides, a reliable finite element model (FEM) was developed to predict the functional behavior of the horseshoe sandwich structures in compression analysis. The experimental and simulation results show that among process parameters, wall thickness, layer height, and nozzle temperature are the most significant parameters to increase the compressive load and, consequently, the energy absorption rate. The concept, results, and modeling provided in this study are expected to be used in the design and fabrication of 4D printed sandwich structures for energy absorption applications.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Smart Materials and Structures
Creators:	Serjouei, A., Yousefi, A., Jenaki, A., Bodaghi, M. and Mehrpouya, M.
Publisher:	IOP Publishing
Date:	2022
Volume:	31
Number:	5
ISSN:	0964-1726
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1088/1361-665x/ac60b5 DOI 1532950 Other
Rights:	© 2022 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. As the Version of Record of this article is going to be / has been published on a gold open access basis under a CC BY 3.0 licence, this Accepted Manuscript is available for reuse under a CC BY 3.0 licence immediately. Everyone is permitted to use all or part of the original content in this article, provided that they adhere to all the terms of the licence https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/3.0 Although reasonable endeavours have been taken to obtain all necessary permissions from third parties to include their copyrighted content within this article, their full citation and copyright line may not be present in this Accepted Manuscript version. Before using any content from this article, please refer to the Version of Record on IOPscience once published for full citation and copyright details, as permissions may be required. All third party content is fully copyright protected and is not published on a gold open access basis under a CC BY licence, unless that is specifically stated in the figure caption in the Version of Record.
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Laura Ward
Date Added:	29 Mar 2022 08:17
Last Modified:	11 Aug 2022 08:56
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/45991

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