Phytoremediation of heavy metals in soil and water: an eco-friendly, sustainable and multidisciplinary approach

Bhat, SA, Bashir, O, Ul Haq, SA, Amin, T, Rafiq, A, Ali, M, Américo-Pinheiro, JHP and Sher, F ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-5912, 2022. Phytoremediation of heavy metals in soil and water: an eco-friendly, sustainable and multidisciplinary approach. Chemosphere, 303 (1): 134788. ISSN 0045-6535

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Abstract

Rapid industrialization, increased waste production and surge in agricultural activities, mining, contaminated irrigation water and industrial effluents contribute to the contamination of water resources due to heavy metal (HM) accumulation. Humans employ HM-contaminated resources to produce food, which eventually accumulates in the food chain. Decontamination of these valuable resources, as well as avoidance of additional contamination has long been needed to avoid detrimental health impacts. Phytoremediation is a realistic and promising strategy for heavy metal removal from polluted areas, based on the employment of hyper-accumulator plant species that are extremely tolerant to HMs present in the environment/soil. Green plants are used to remove, decompose, or detoxify hazardous metals in this technique. For soil decontamination, five types of phytoremediation methods have been used viz. phytostabilization, phytodegradation, rhizofiltration, phytoextraction and phytovolatilization. Traditional phytoremediation methods, on the other hand, have significant limits in terms of large-scale application, thus biotechnological efforts to modify plants for HM phytoremediation ways are being explored to improve the efficacy of plants as HM decontamination candidates. It is relatively a new technology that is widely regarded as economic, efficient and unique besides being environment friendly. New metal hyperaccumulators with high efficiency are being explored and employed for their use in phytoremediation and phytomining. Therefore, this review comprehensively discusses different strategies and biotechnological approaches for the removal of various HM containments from the environment, with emphasis on the advancements and implications of phytoremediation, along with their applications in cleaning up various toxic pollutants. Moreover, sources, effects of HMs and factors affecting phytoremediation of HMs metals have also been discussed.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Chemosphere
Creators:	Bhat, S.A., Bashir, O., Ul Haq, S.A., Amin, T., Rafiq, A., Ali, M., Américo-Pinheiro, J.H.P. and Sher, F.
Publisher:	Elsevier
Date:	September 2022
Volume:	303
Number:	1
ISSN:	0045-6535
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134788 DOI S0045653522012814 Publisher Item Identifier 1553965 Other
Rights:	© 2022 the authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Jonathan Gallacher
Date Added:	20 Jun 2022 14:40
Last Modified:	20 Jun 2022 14:40
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/46468

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