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Razzaq, L, Farooq, M, Mujtaba, MA, Sher, F 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-5912, Farhan, M, Hassan, MT, Soudagar, MEM, Atabani, AE, Kalam, MA and Imran, M,
2020.
Modeling viscosity and density of ethanol-diesel-biodiesel ternary blends for sustainable environment.
Sustainability, 12 (12): 5186.
ISSN 2071-1050
Abstract
Rapid depletion in fossil fuels, inflation in petroleum prices, and rising energy demand have forced towards alternative transport fuels. Among these alternative fuels, diesel-ethanol and diesel-biodiesel blends gain the most attention due to their quality characteristics and environmentally friendly nature. The viscosity and density of these biodiesel blends are slightly higher than diesel, which is a significant barrier to the commercialization of biodiesel. In this study, the density and viscosity of 30 different ternary biodiesel blends was investigated at 15 °С and 40 °С, respectively. Different density and viscosity models were developed and tested on biodiesel blends soured from different feedstock’s including palm, coconut, soybean, mustard, and calophyllum oils. The prognostic ability and precisions of these developed models was assessed statistically using Absolute Percentage Error (APE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The MAPE of 0.045% and 0.085% for density model and 1.85%, 1.41%, 3.48% and 2.27%, 1.85%, 3.50% for viscosity models were obtained on % volume and % mass basis. These developed correlations are useful for ternary biodiesel blends where alcohols are the part of biodiesel blends. The modeled values of densities and viscosities of ternary blends were significantly comparable with the measured densities and viscosities, which are feasible to avoid the harm of vehicles’ operability.
| Item Type: | Journal article |
|---|---|
| Publication Title: | Sustainability |
| Creators: | Razzaq, L., Farooq, M., Mujtaba, M.A., Sher, F., Farhan, M., Hassan, M.T., Soudagar, M.E.M., Atabani, A.E., Kalam, M.A. and Imran, M. |
| Publisher: | MDPI AG |
| Date: | 25 June 2020 |
| Volume: | 12 |
| Number: | 12 |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| Identifiers: | Number Type 10.3390/su12125186 DOI 1568101 Other |
| Divisions: | Schools > School of Science and Technology |
| Record created by: | Laura Ward |
| Date Added: | 26 Jul 2022 15:18 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Jul 2022 15:18 |
| URI: | https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/46734 |
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