Automating individualized, process-focused writing instruction: a design-based research study

Dux Speltz, E, Roeser, J ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-0923 and Chukharev-Hudilainen, E, 2022. Automating individualized, process-focused writing instruction: a design-based research study. Frontiers in Communication, 7: 933878. ISSN 2297-900X

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Abstract

Writing quality is dependent upon the organization and sequencing of cognitive processes during writing. College students need writing-strategy advice that is tailored to their individual needs and is cognizant of their already-established writing processes. However, there is an obstacle to providing such advice: Both writing instructors and the writers lack awareness of the moment-by-moment actions by which text was produced. This is because switching between the processes of defining the task, coming up with ideas, outputting text, evaluating, and revising is largely regulated implicitly.

To address this shortcoming, the present study uses a design-based research approach to develop and evaluate a minimally viable prototype of a system called “ProWrite” that uses novel biometric technology (concurrent keystroke logging and eye tracking) for providing real-time, individualized, automated, process-focused feedback to writers. This feedback is grounded in the analysis of each writer’s individual needs and is presented in the context of a learning cycle consisting of an initial diagnostic, an intervention assignment, and a final follow-up.

In two iterations, eight students used the system. Effects on student behavior were determined through direct analysis of biometric writing-process data before and after remediation and through changes in writing-process and written-product measures. Semi-structured interviews revealed that students generally considered the system useful, and they would try to use the newly learned strategies in their future writing experiences. The study demonstrated that individualized, real-time feedback informed by biometric technology can effectively modify writers’ processes when writing takes place.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Frontiers in Communication
Creators:	Dux Speltz, E., Roeser, J. and Chukharev-Hudilainen, E.
Publisher:	Frontiers Media
Date:	11 October 2022
Volume:	7
ISSN:	2297-900X
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.3389/fcomm.2022.933878 DOI 1601638 Other
Rights:	Copyright © 2022 Dux Speltz, Roeser and Chukharev-Hudilainen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Divisions:	Schools > School of Social Sciences
Record created by:	Linda Sullivan
Date Added:	26 Sep 2022 11:32
Last Modified:	07 Dec 2022 14:25
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/47119

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