Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis

Tepus, M, Tonoli, E ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9774-1048 and Verderio, EAM ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9153-8997, 2023. Molecular profiling of urinary extracellular vesicles in chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13: 1041327. ISSN 1663-9812

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Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term kidney damage caused by gradual loss of essential kidney functions. A global health issue, CKD affects up to 16% of the population worldwide. Symptoms are often not apparent in the early stages, and if left untreated, CKD can progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), also known as kidney failure, when the only possible treatments are dialysis and kidney transplantation. The end point of nearly all forms of CKD is kidney fibrosis, a process of unsuccessful wound-healing of kidney tissue. Detection of kidney fibrosis, therefore, often means detection of CKD. Renal biopsy remains the best test for renal scarring, despite being intrinsically limited by its invasiveness and sampling bias. Urine is a desirable source of fibrosis biomarkers as it can be easily obtained in a non-invasive way and in large volumes. Besides, urine contains biomolecules filtered through the glomeruli, mirroring the pathological state. There is, however, a problem of highly abundant urinary proteins that can mask rare disease biomarkers. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs), which originate from renal cells and carry proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are an attractive source of potential rare CKD biomarkers. Their cargo consists of low-abundant proteins but highly concentrated in a nanosize-volume, as well as molecules too large to be filtered from plasma. Combining molecular profiling data (protein and miRNAs) of uEVs, isolated from patients affected by various forms of CKD, this review considers the possible diagnostic and prognostic value of uEVs biomarkers and their potential application in the translation of new experimental antifibrotic therapeutics.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Frontiers in Pharmacology
Creators:	Tepus, M., Tonoli, E. and Verderio, E.A.M.
Publisher:	Frontiers Media SA
Date:	12 January 2023
Volume:	13
ISSN:	1663-9812
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.3389/fphar.2022.1041327 DOI 1728393 Other
Rights:	This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Jonathan Gallacher
Date Added:	09 Feb 2023 09:47
Last Modified:	02 Nov 2023 11:25
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/48210

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