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Laparidou, D, Botan, V 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-3913, Law, GR, Rowan, E, Smith, MD, Brewster, A, Spaight, R, Mountain, P, Dunmore, S, James, J, Roberts, L, Khunti, K and Siriwardena, AN,
2022.
People with diabetes and ambulance staff perceptions of a booklet-based intervention for diabetic hypoglycaemia, “Hypos can strike twice”: a mixed methods process evaluation.
BMC Emergency Medicine, 22: 21.
ISSN 1471-227X
Abstract
Background: Hypoglycaemia is a potentially serious condition, characterised by lower-than-normal blood glucose levels, common in people with diabetes (PWD). It can be prevented and self-managed if expert support, such as education on lifestyle and treatment, is provided. Our aim was to conduct a process evaluation to investigate how ambulance staff and PWD perceived the “Hypos can strike twice” booklet-based ambulance clinician intervention, including acceptability, understandability, usefulness, positive or negative effects, and facilitators or barriers to implementation.
Methods: We used an explanatory sequential design with a self-administered questionnaire study followed by interviews of people with diabetes and ambulance staff. We followed the Medical Research Council framework for process evaluations of complex interventions to guide data collection and analysis. Following descriptive analysis (PWD and staff surveys), exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify staff questionnaire subscales and multiple regression models were fitted to identify demographic predictors of overall and subscale scores.
Results: 113 ambulance staff members and 46 PWD completed the survey. We conducted interviews with four ambulance staff members and five PWD who had been attended by an ambulance for a hypoglycaemic event. Based on surveys and interviews, there were positive attitudes to the intervention from both ambulance staff and PWD. Although the intervention was not always implemented, most staff members and PWD found the booklet informative, easy to read and to use or explain. PWD who completed the survey reported that receiving the booklet reminded and/or encouraged them to test their blood glucose more often, adjust their diet, and have a discussion/check up with their diabetes consultant. Interviewed PWD felt that the booklet intervention would be more valuable to less experienced patients or those who cannot manage their diabetes well. Overall, participants felt that the intervention could be beneficial, but were uncertain about whether it might help prevent a second hypoglycaemic event and/or reduce the number of repeat ambulance attendances.
Conclusions: The ‘Hypos may strike twice’ intervention, which had demonstrable reductions in repeat attendances, was found to be feasible, acceptable to PWD and staff, prompting reported behaviour change and help-seeking from primary care.
| Item Type: | Journal article |
|---|---|
| Publication Title: | BMC Emergency Medicine |
| Creators: | Laparidou, D., Botan, V., Law, G.R., Rowan, E., Smith, M.D., Brewster, A., Spaight, R., Mountain, P., Dunmore, S., James, J., Roberts, L., Khunti, K. and Siriwardena, A.N. |
| Publisher: | Springer |
| Date: | 2022 |
| Volume: | 22 |
| ISSN: | 1471-227X |
| Identifiers: | Number Type 10.1186/s12873-022-00583-y DOI 1773537 Other |
| Rights: | This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
| Divisions: | Schools > School of Social Sciences |
| Record created by: | Jonathan Gallacher |
| Date Added: | 27 Jun 2023 10:14 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Jun 2023 10:14 |
| URI: | https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/49287 |
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