Longitudinal analysis of physical function in older adults: the effects of physical inactivity and exercise training

Manning, KM, Hall, KS, Sloane, R, Magistro, D ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-3701, Rabaglietti, E, Lee, CC, Castle, S, Kopp, T, Giffuni, J, Katzel, L, McDonald, M, Miyamoto, M, Pearson, M, Jennings, SC, Bettger, JP and Morey, MC, 2023. Longitudinal analysis of physical function in older adults: the effects of physical inactivity and exercise training. Aging Cell. ISSN 1474-9718

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Abstract

Lack of exercise contributes to systemic inflammation and is a major cause of chronic disease. The long-term impact of initiating and sustaining exercise in late life, as opposed to sustaining a sedentary lifestyle, on whole-body health measures such as physical performance is not well known. This is an exploratory study to compare changes in physical performance among older adults initiating exercise late in life versus inactive older adults. Data from two observational cohorts were included in this analysis, representing two activity groups. The Active group cohort comprises older adults (n = 318; age 72.5 ± 7.2 years) enrolled in a supervised exercise program, “Gerofit.” The inactive group comprises older adults (n = 146; age 74.5 ± 5.5 years) from the Italian study “Act on Ageing” (AOA) who self-reported being inactive. Participants in both groups completed physical performance battery at baseline and 1-year including: 6-min walk test, 30-s chair stand, and timed up-and-go. Two-sample t-tests measured differences between Gerofit and AOA at baseline and 1-year across all measures. Significant between-group effects were seen for all performance measures (ps = 0.001). The AOA group declined across all measures from baseline to 1 year (range −18% to −24% change). The Gerofit group experienced significant gains in function for all measures (range +10% to +31% change). Older adults who initiated routine, sustained exercise were protected from age-related declines in physical performance, while those who remained sedentary suffered cumulative deficits across strength, aerobic endurance, and mobility. Interventions to reduce sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity are both important to promote multi-system, whole-body health.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Aging Cell
Creators:	Manning, K.M., Hall, K.S., Sloane, R., Magistro, D., Rabaglietti, E., Lee, C.C., Castle, S., Kopp, T., Giffuni, J., Katzel, L., McDonald, M., Miyamoto, M., Pearson, M., Jennings, S.C., Bettger, J.P. and Morey, M.C.
Publisher:	Wiley
Date:	8 September 2023
ISSN:	1474-9718
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1111/acel.13987 DOI 1799208 Other
Rights:	© 2023 The Authors. Aging Cell published by Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Laura Ward
Date Added:	11 Sep 2023 10:11
Last Modified:	11 Sep 2023 10:11
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/49678

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