Biological and mechanical response of graphene oxide surface‐treated polylactic acid 3D‐printed bone scaffolds: experimental and numerical approaches

Mashhadi Keshtiban, M, Taghvaei, H, Noroozi, R, Eskandari, V, Arif, ZU, Bodaghi, M ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-944X, Bardania, H and Hadi, A, 2024. Biological and mechanical response of graphene oxide surface‐treated polylactic acid 3D‐printed bone scaffolds: experimental and numerical approaches. Advanced Engineering Materials. ISSN 1438-1656

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Abstract

Employing 3D printing bone scaffolds with various polymers is growing due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and good mechanical properties. However, their biological properties need modification to have fewer difficulties in clinical experiments. Herein, the fused-deposition modeling technique is used to design triply-periodic-minimal-surfaces polylactic-acid scaffolds and evaluate their biological response under static and dynamic cell culture conditions. To enhance the biological response of 3D-printed bone scaffolds, graphene-oxide (GO) is coated on the surface of the scaffolds. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersion X-ray analysis are conducted to check the GO presence and its effects. Also, computational fluid dynamics analysis is implemented to investigate the shear stress on the scaffold, which is a critical parameter for cell proliferation under dynamic cell culture conditions. Compression tests and contact-angle measurements are performed to assess the GO effect on mechanical properties and wettability, respectively. Also, it was shown that surface-treated scaffolds have lower mechanical properties and higher wettability than uncoated scaffolds. A perfusion bioreactor is used to study cell culture. Also, field-emission-scanning-electron-microscope and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay analyses are conducted to observe cell viability and cell attachment. An increase of up to 220% in viability was achieved with GO and dynamic cell culture.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Advanced Engineering Materials
Creators:	Mashhadi Keshtiban, M., Taghvaei, H., Noroozi, R., Eskandari, V., Arif, Z.U., Bodaghi, M., Bardania, H. and Hadi, A.
Publisher:	Wiley
Date:	11 January 2024
ISSN:	1438-1656
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1002/adem.202301260 DOI 1852205 Other
Rights:	This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Mashhadi Keshtiban, M., Taghvaei, H., Noroozi, R., Eskandari, V., Arif, Z. U., Bodaghi, M., Bardania, H., Hadi, A. (2024). Biological and mechanical response of graphene oxide surface‐treated polylactic acid 3D‐printed bone scaffolds: experimental and numerical approaches. Advanced Engineering Materials, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202301260 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Laura Ward
Date Added:	23 Jan 2024 10:25
Last Modified:	23 Jan 2024 10:25
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/50720

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