Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of green fuel additive solketal from crude glycerol over metakaolin clay catalyst

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Zahid, I, Ayoub, M, Nazir, MH, Sher, F ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-5912, Shamsuddin, R, Abdullah, Bb and Ameen, M, 2024. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of green fuel additive solketal from crude glycerol over metakaolin clay catalyst. Biomass and Bioenergy, 181: 107029. ISSN 0961-9534

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.107029

Abstract

Biodiesel synthesis produces about 10 % glycerol as a byproduct, prompting environmental concerns. The utilization of crude glycerol into valuable products requires an Eco-friendly technique. This study depicts glycerol acetalization using acetone and novel catalyst acid-treated metakaolin clay. Raw kaolin clay was calcined at 600 °C and treated with acid at 102 °C for 3 h. Afterward, acid activated clay was filtrate and dried in oven to remove moisture content. The catalyst prepared with a 5 M solution of sulfuric acid exhibited the highest surface area of 82.33 m². g⁻¹ and gave the highest yield (80 %) of Solketal with 73 % of glycerol conversion under optimum conditions. The ketalization reaction of Solketal synthesis was studied in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate expression based on two-parameter kinetic law was used in this study. From the kinetic studies, activation energies (EA) of forward and backward reactions were found to be K₁ = 39.23 kJ. mol⁻¹ and K₂ = 35.70 kJ. mol⁻¹ respectively. Furthermore, reaction was exothermic having an enthalpy of ΔHo = −18.86 kJ. mol⁻¹ and the entropy ΔSo = −0.1 kJ. mol⁻¹ calculated from this process. Solketal derived from sustainable sources such as bio-glycerol and biomass-based acetone, has a wide range of uses as fuel additives and medicines industry. This research marks a significant advancement in the development of a continuous synthesis technique for Solketal and its recovery from glycerol-acetone mixtures.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Biomass and Bioenergy
Creators:	Zahid, I., Ayoub, M., Nazir, M.H., Sher, F., Shamsuddin, R., Abdullah, B. and Ameen, M.
Publisher:	Elsevier BV
Date:	February 2024
Volume:	181
ISSN:	0961-9534
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.107029 DOI 1870972 Other
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Jeremy Silvester
Date Added:	06 Mar 2024 10:46
Last Modified:	06 Mar 2024 10:46
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/51010