4D printing and annealing of PETG composites reinforced with short carbon fibers

Rahmatabadi, D, Soleyman, E, Fallah Min Bashi, M, Aberoumand, M, Soltanmohammadi, K, Ghasemi, I, Baniassadi, M, Abrinia, K, Bodaghi, M ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0707-944X and Baghani, M, 2024. 4D printing and annealing of PETG composites reinforced with short carbon fibers. Physica Scripta. ISSN 0031-8949

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Abstract

In this study, for the first time, post-heat treatment was applied to improve the stress recovery of short carbon fiber reinforced PETG (SCFRPETG). PETG and SCFRPETG composite were printed under optimal conditions, and constrained and free shape memory cycles were applied under compression and three-point bending loadings to assess shape and stress recovery. The results of the free shape memory test for both vertical and horizontal patterns showed that PETG composite also has a higher shape memory effect (SME) compared to PETG. The SME was significantly improved by performing heat treatment. The stress recovery values for pure PETG, reinforced PETG before and after annealing are 2.48 MPa, 3.04 MPa and 3.18 MPa, respectively. It showed that the addition of 1.5% carbon fiber increases the stress recovery by 22%. The increasing trend reaches 28% by performing post-heat treatment. Additionally, altering the printing pattern affects the programming and stress recovery values. For the SCFRPETG composite samples before and after annealing, changing the printing pattern from horizontal to vertical, resulted in a 16% and 7% increase in recovery stress, respectively. SEM results confirm that the annealing process removes the layered structure, micro-holes caused by shrinkage and 4D printing mechanism. Using the controlled heat treatment method can be a practical solution to solve the problem of adhesion and reduce the anisotropy of FDM 3D printed layers.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Physica Scripta
Creators:	Rahmatabadi, D., Soleyman, E., Fallah Min Bashi, M., Aberoumand, M., Soltanmohammadi, K., Ghasemi, I., Baniassadi, M., Abrinia, K., Bodaghi, M. and Baghani, M.
Publisher:	IOP Publishing
Date:	5 April 2024
ISSN:	0031-8949
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1088/1402-4896/ad3b40 DOI 1884421 Other
Rights:	© 2024 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd. As the Version of Record of this article is going to be / has been published on a gold open access basis under a CC BY 4.0 licence, this Accepted Manuscript is available for reuse under a CC BY 4.0 licence immediately. Everyone is permitted to use all or part of the original content in this article, provided that they adhere to all the terms of the licence https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 Although reasonable endeavours have been taken to obtain all necessary permissions from third parties to include their copyrighted content within this article, their full citation and copyright line may not be present in this Accepted Manuscript version. Before using any content from this article, please refer to the Version of Record on IOPscience once published for full citation and copyright details, as permissions may be required. All third party content is fully copyright protected and is not published on a gold open access basis under a CC BY licence, unless that is specifically stated in the figure caption in the Version of Record.
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Melissa Cornwell
Date Added:	15 Apr 2024 09:42
Last Modified:	15 Apr 2024 09:42
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/51246

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