Emotion norm violations in small communities: the Carter-Brezhnev hotline correspondence

Simon, E ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1174-8650 and Simon, A, 2024. Emotion norm violations in small communities: the Carter-Brezhnev hotline correspondence. International Relations. ISSN 0047-1178

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Abstract

How do international actors move from milder to more serious measures as they handle emotion norm violations that parallel behavioral norm infringements in small communities that would collapse if community members ejected the violator? Here, we trace this process analytically by examining the interaction between President Carter and General Secretary Brezhnev via the Moscow-Washington hotline, which we conceptualize as a small emotional community of Soviet (now Russian) and American leaders of the past, present, and future. Our findings suggest that one community member’s initial mild and tacit demands that the violator emote as expected are followed by other community members in turn committing emotion norm violations, which then erodes these norms. We conclude that such small emotional communities may only survive repeated violations if, at some point, the ejection of the violator becomes possible—e.g., following an election loss by the violator—without causing the collapse of the emotional community.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	International Relations
Creators:	Simon, E. and Simon, A.
Publisher:	Sage
Date:	27 May 2024
ISSN:	0047-1178
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1177/00471178241255282 DOI 1890722 Other
Rights:	© The Author(s) 2024. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
Divisions:	Schools > School of Social Sciences
Record created by:	Jonathan Gallacher
Date Added:	07 May 2024 13:22
Last Modified:	10 Jan 2025 15:45
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/51394

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