Enhancing reliability and stability of BLE mesh networks: a multipath optimized AODV approach

Ghori, MR, Wan, T-C, Sodhy, GC, Aljaidi, M, Rizwan, A, Sadiq, AS ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5746-0257 and Kaiwartya, O ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-8244, 2024. Enhancing reliability and stability of BLE mesh networks: a multipath optimized AODV approach. Sensors, 24 (18): 5901. ISSN 1424-8220

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Abstract

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mesh networks provide flexible and reliable communication among low-power sensor-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) devices, enabling them to communicate in a flexible and robust manner. Nonetheless, the majority of existing BLE-based mesh protocols operate as flooding-based piconet or scatternet overlays on top of existing Bluetooth star topologies. In contrast, the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol used primarily in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks (WAHN) is forwarding-based and therefore more efficient, with lower overheads. However, the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and link recovery time for AODV performs worse compared to flooding-based BLE protocols when encountering link disruptions. We propose a Multipath Optimized AODV (M-O-AODV) protocol to address these issues, with improved PDR, and link robustness compared with other forwarding-based protocols. In addition, M-O-AODV achieved a PDR of 88%, comparable to the PDR of 92% for flooding-based BLE, unlike protocols such as Reverse-AODV (R-AODV). Also, M-O-AODV was able to perform link recovery within 3700 ms in case of node failures, compared with other forwarding-based protocols which require 4800 ms to 6000 ms. Consequently, M-O-AODV-based BLE mesh networks are more efficient for wireless sensor-enabled IoT environments.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Sensors
Creators:	Ghori, M.R., Wan, T.-C., Sodhy, G.C., Aljaidi, M., Rizwan, A., Sadiq, A.S. and Kaiwartya, O.
Publisher:	MDPI
Date:	11 September 2024
Volume:	24
Number:	18
ISSN:	1424-8220
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.3390/s24185901 DOI 2210995 Other
Rights:	This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Laura Ward
Date Added:	09 Sep 2024 12:31
Last Modified:	09 Oct 2024 10:10
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/52187

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