Underwater communication systems and their impact on aquatic life—a survey

Domingos, FPF ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0025-8967, Lotfi, A ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-6565, Ihianle, IK ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7445-8573, Kaiwartya, O ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-8244 and Machado, P ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1760-3871, 2024. Underwater communication systems and their impact on aquatic life—a survey. Electronics, 14 (1): 7. ISSN 2079-9292

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Abstract

Approximately 75% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, and 78% of the global animal kingdom resides in marine environments. Furthermore, algae and microalgae in marine ecosystems contribute up to 75% of the planet’s oxygen supply, underscoring the critical need for conservation efforts. This review systematically evaluates the impact of underwater communication systems on aquatic ecosystems, focusing on both wired and wireless technologies. It highlights the applications of these systems in Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT), Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), remote sensing, bathymetry, and tsunami warning systems, as well as their role in reducing the ecological footprint of human activities in aquatic environments. The main contributions of this work include: a benchmark of various underwater communication systems, comparing their advantages and limitations; an in-depth analysis of the adverse effects of anthropogenic emissions associated with communication systems on marine life; and a discussion of the potential for underwater communication technologies, such as remote sensing and passive monitoring, to aid in the preservation of biodiversity and the protection of fragile ecosystems.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Electronics
Creators:	Domingos, F.P.F., Lotfi, A., Ihianle, I.K., Kaiwartya, O. and Machado, P.
Publisher:	MDPI AG
Date:	24 December 2024
Volume:	14
Number:	1
ISSN:	2079-9292
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.3390/electronics14010007 DOI 2331208 Other
Rights:	© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Laura Ward
Date Added:	06 Jan 2025 10:00
Last Modified:	06 Jan 2025 10:00
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/52762

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