Towards net zero resilience: a futuristic architectural strategy for cyber-attack defence in industrial control systems (ICS) and operational technology (OT)

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Ramachandran, H, Smith, R, David, KA, Al-Hadhrami, T ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7441-604X and Acharya, P, 2025. Towards net zero resilience: a futuristic architectural strategy for cyber-attack defence in industrial control systems (ICS) and operational technology (OT). Computers, Materials and Continua, 82 (2), pp. 3619-3641. ISSN 1546-2218

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.054802

Abstract

This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA framework integrates security by design principles, micro-segmentation, and Island Mode Operation (IMO) to enhance cyber resilience and ensure continuous, secure operations. The methodology deploys a Forward-Thinking Architecture Strategy (FTAS) algorithm, which utilises an industrial Intrusion Detection System (IDS) implemented with Python’s Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) library. The FTAS algorithm successfully identified and responded to cyber-attacks, ensuring minimal system disruption. ISERA has been validated through comprehensive testing scenarios simulating Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and malware intrusions, at both the IT and OT layers where it successfully mitigates the impact of malicious activity. Results demonstrate ISERA’s efficacy in real-time threat detection, containment, and incident response, thus ensuring the integrity and reliability of critical infrastructure systems. ISERA’s decentralised approach contributes to global net zero goals by optimising resource use and minimising environmental impact. By adopting a decentralised control architecture and leveraging virtualisation, ISERA significantly enhances the cyber resilience and sustainability of critical infrastructure systems. This approach not only strengthens defences against evolving cyber threats but also optimises resource allocation, reducing the system’s carbon footprint. As a result, ISERA ensures the uninterrupted operation of essential services while contributing to broader net zero goals.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Computers, Materials and Continua
Creators:	Ramachandran, H., Smith, R., David, K.A., Al-Hadhrami, T. and Acharya, P.
Publisher:	Tech Science Press
Date:	17 February 2025
Volume:	82
Number:	2
ISSN:	1546-2218
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.32604/cmc.2024.054802 DOI 2378049 Other
Rights:	Copyright © 2025 the authors. Published by Tech Science Press. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Jonathan Gallacher
Date Added:	18 Feb 2025 11:49
Last Modified:	18 Feb 2025 11:49
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/53058