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Arslangulova, B 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-630X,
2025.
The adoption of smart charging in positive energy districts.
PhD, Nottingham Trent University.
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Abstract
This doctoral thesis investigates the adoption of EV charging infrastructure equipped with smart charging technology, such as V1G or V2G, within Positive Energy District (PED) projects. In 2018, the European Union’s Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) set a goal to develop 100 PEDs in Europe by 2025 as part of energy transition actions. PEDs refer to energy-efficient urban areas that aim to achieve an annual energy surplus production from renewable sources compared to energy consumption.
As the development of PEDs has started only relatively recently, there is a lack of understanding and empirical evidence regarding their design, decision-making processes for low-carbon technology choices, and implementation activities. This thesis addresses this gap by examining the role of EV charging infrastructure equipped with smart charging technology within PEDs, investigating the reasons for its adoption or non-adoption, and identifying the key factors that influence these decisions.
The study employs a theory-driven thematic analysis, delving into multiple data sources, including semi-structured interviews, participant observations during secondments and field study, national policy documents, and project reports. The two in-depth case studies were analysed and validated by comparing the results with an additional ten PED projects, based on project deliverables and national policy documents, to assess the generalisability and replicability of findings.
The study results in the development of the “Determinants of smart charging adoption in PEDs” framework, encompassing technological, organisational, and environmental dimensions: the perceived benefits of smart charging technology (technological context), enabling organisational capacity factors (organisational context), and supporting policy drivers (environmental context). The framework encapsulates the factors influencing the adoption of smart charging in the context of PED projects.
The results of the study reveal that the majority of PED projects (10 out of 12) have adopted EV charging infrastructure, but only half of these (5 out of 10) have adopted EV charging infrastructure equipped with smart charging technology, particularly V2G. Key drivers of the adoption of smart charging technology in PED projects include the availability of large multidisciplinary collaborations, the existence of an energy flexibility goal, EU or government funding, and supportive policy and market frameworks.
The study underscores the role of PED projects as contributors to best practice in low-carbon technologies and emphasises the importance of their impact in addressing Net Zero. Nevertheless, as only five out of twelve PED projects have adopted smart charging, there are still lessons to be learned to ensure PEDs deliver on all of their potential. The study holds implications for PED developers and policymakers, informing strategies to facilitate the adoption of smart charging within the PEDs context to enhance the role and initiatives of PEDs projects in meeting energy transition goals
| Item Type: | Thesis |
|---|---|
| Creators: | Arslangulova, B. |
| Contributors: | Name Role NTU ID ORCID |
| Date: | 2025 |
| Rights: | The copyright in this work is held by the author. You may copy up to 5% of this work for private study, or personal, non-commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or requests for any other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed to the author. |
| Divisions: | Schools > Nottingham Business School |
| Record created by: | Jeremy Silvester |
| Date Added: | 30 Jul 2025 10:52 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Jul 2025 10:52 |
| URI: | https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/54068 |
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