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Suzuki, MA, 2024. A study of radiation-matter interactions for safe operative protocols on paintings in Heritage Science. PhD, Nottingham Trent University.
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Abstract
Many technological improvements in Heritage Science make use of intense radiations, such as optical lasers and synchrotron X-rays, to perform non-invasive analysis and treatment on artworks and historical materials’ samples. The radiation damage risk associated with such intense radiation on artworks is insufficiently known and mitigation strategies are still limited. When dealing with highly heterogeneous materials, such as historical paintings, a priori knowledge of radiation damage is an ineffective way to prevent damage. The available methods to detect damage are very limited and often fails to detect some type of damage. Therefore, reliable detection methods capable of comprehensively detecting radiation damage are needed.
In this work, a new metric for radiation damage detection is proposed and used for the online monitoring of optical laser and X-ray irradiation of paintings. Any change in VIS NIR (400-900 nm) reflectance (ΔR) is the result of changes in absorption and/or scattering of a material surface under investigation, hence ΔR can provide an indication of both chemical and physical changes of the surface. Moreover, the intrinsically high sensitivity of VIS-NIR reflectance spectroscopy technique enables the detection of even subtle material changes not detectable by other techniques. Its use in a time and spatially resolved modality, using a VIS-NIR hyperspectral imaging system (HSI), proved to be an efficient, sensitive and robust online radiation damage monitoring set-up capable of detecting early warning signs of damage that can be used to prevent or minimize radiation damage.
The VIS-NIR HSI system was employed for online laser-induced damage monitoring during Raman spectroscopy and proved to be orders of magnitude more sensitive in detecting damage than Raman itself and synchrotron-based micro-X-ray powder diffraction. In case of thermally driven alterations, it can even detect transient/reversible changes as precursors to prevent damage. The study of the effects of the fundamental laser parameters highlighted the importance of including, power, duration and spot size, to define damage, as intensity is not the only parameter that defines the severity of damage.
The VIS-NIR HSI was also used for operando X-ray induced damage monitoring during a synchrotron experiment while performing X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) on paintings. The method proved to be able to detect subtle changes at a lower absorbed dose than XAS, permitting early-warning damage threshold detection and can enable prevention of further damage to samples during measurements.
The effect of NIR radiation on plattnerite (lead dioxide) was investigated post-exposure with various complementary techniques, using VIS-NIR HSI, short wave infrared HSI, Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron XRPD and XAS. This was performed to allow further understanding of the fundamental mechanism causing the transformation of plattnerite to recover darkened wall paintings containing the pigment red lead (mixed valence state lead oxide). The primary underlying mechanism of this transformation was determined to be thermally driven, requiring temperatures in the range of 400-500° to be effective without inducing damage to the pigment, with the treatment remaining stable for at least two years. This study of the NIR radiation exposure restoration treatment for red lead pigment contributes to the fundamental knowledge required to determine the suitability and safety of this method for wall paintings.
Overall, this study contributes knowledge towards the development of safe procedures in Heritage Material Science applications when using intense radiation for the analysis and treatment of paintings, which is of paramount importance for the improvement of data collection strategies to reduce the risk of radiation-induced damage to paintings.
| Item Type: | Thesis |
|---|---|
| Creators: | Suzuki, M.A. |
| Contributors: | Name Role NTU ID ORCID |
| Date: | September 2024 |
| Rights: | This work is the intellectual property of the author. You may copy up to 5% of this work for private study, or personal, non-commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or requests for any other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed in the author, owner of the Intellectual Property Rights. |
| Divisions: | Schools > School of Science and Technology |
| Record created by: | Jeremy Silvester |
| Date Added: | 01 Aug 2025 13:21 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Aug 2025 13:21 |
| URI: | https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/54101 |
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9496-406XActions (login required)
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