Psychometric evaluation of the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) and Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) among Hong Kong university students

Saffari, M, Lee, Y-H, Chen, J-K, Pramukti, I, Huang, Y-T, Lin, C-C, Chang, Y-L, Huang, P-C, Lin, C-Y and Griffiths, MD ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-6524, 2025. Psychometric evaluation of the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) and Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) among Hong Kong university students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. ISSN 1557-1874

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Abstract

The present study validated the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) and the Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) among Hong Kong university students. Using convenience sampling, 790 participants (63% females, age = 22.5 years [± 4.4]) completed an online survey including the GDT, GADIS-A, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale (TAPAS). The expected factor structures of the GDT (one-factor) and GADIS-A (two-factor) were confirmed with strong factor loadings from 0.70 to 0.86. Moderate to high significant correlations between both scales and the IGDS9-SF, DASS-21, and TAPAS showed appropriate concurrent/convergent/divergent validity (0.20 < r < 0.83). Both scales were internally consistent (0.88 < α / ω < 0.93). Both scales were invariant across gender, severity of problem, and educational major. Both the GDT and GADIS-A are valid and reliable tools to assess gaming disorder among young university students in Hong Kong.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
Creators:	Saffari, M., Lee, Y.-H., Chen, J.-K., Pramukti, I., Huang, Y.-T., Lin, C.-C., Chang, Y.-L., Huang, P.-C., Lin, C.-Y. and Griffiths, M.D.
Publisher:	Springer
Date:	11 August 2025
ISSN:	1557-1874
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1007/s11469-025-01524-z DOI 2485032 Other
Rights:	This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-025-01524-z
Divisions:	Schools > School of Social Sciences
Record created by:	Jonathan Gallacher
Date Added:	14 Aug 2025 15:18
Last Modified:	09 Sep 2025 07:43
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/54200

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