The "IVIP" project: an argument for the inclusion of voice parades within Code D of PACE

McDougall, K, Saunders, J and Smith, HMJ ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2712-5527, 2025. The "IVIP" project: an argument for the inclusion of voice parades within Code D of PACE. Criminal Law Review, 2025 (11), pp. 673-686. ISSN 0011-135X

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Abstract

This paper reviews the law and practice in relation to earwitness voice identification procedures in England and Wales. It also draws on results from two surveys, one aimed at police and the other aimed at lawyers, which reveal a marked lack of awareness of earwitness voice identification procedures, given they are rarely used. The central thesis of the paper is that practice in this area could be significantly improved by placing voice identification parades within the scope of Code D of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. The article further draws on experimental work conducted as part of the IVIP project funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council, which contributes empirical findings towards improving voice parade procedures to make their deployment more efficient and less costly.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Criminal Law Review
Creators:	McDougall, K., Saunders, J. and Smith, H.M.J.
Publisher:	Sweet and Maxwell
Date:	2025
Volume:	2025
Number:	11
ISSN:	0011-135X
Identifiers:	Number Type 2522160 Other
Rights:	This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in The Criminal Law Review following peer review. The definitive published version McDougall, K., Saunders, J., & Smith, H. M. J. (2025). The "IVIP" project: an argument for the inclusion of voice parades within Code D of PACE. Criminal Law Review, 2025(11), 673-686 is available online on Westlaw UK (http://legalresearch.westlaw.co.uk/)
Divisions:	Schools > School of Social Sciences
Record created by:	Laura Borcherds
Date Added:	05 Nov 2025 17:34
Last Modified:	05 Nov 2025 17:34
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/54685

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