Physicochemical conversion technologies

Zahra, N, Ajanovic, T, Sher, F ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-5912, Bernardo, P, Wang, S, Batmunkh, E, Saed, UA, Petkoska, AT, Allajbeu, S and Américo-Pinheiro, JHP, 2025. Physicochemical conversion technologies. In: Sher, F, ed., Renewable energy technologies. Elsevier, pp. 33-77. ISBN 9780443337710

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Abstract

Waste and biomass must be converted into energy, fuels, and valuable compounds using physicochemical conversion technologies, a sustainable substitute for traditional fossil fuel–based processes. There are three primary objectives for this endeavor. Its key aim is to provide an enhanced comprehension of reaction pathways and the creation of products by highlighting the fundamental principles and mechanisms behind physicochemical conversion processes. It is also intended to assess the industry's most recent developments and trends, including incorporating renewable energy sources and improvements in process optimization. Third, this analysis highlights important issues and suggests strategies, including demands on energy, feedstock unpredictability, and adverse environmental impacts. Furthermore, compared with other conversion procedures, the previous studies observed lower yield levels (50–70%) for electrochemical conversion, whereas relatively high yield levels (50–98%) for hydrogenation and carbonization were noted. The work's novel strategy combines an in-depth analysis of firmly established techniques, including liquefaction, gasification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal processes, with newly developed hybrid and coprocessing technologies. The main process of physicochemical conversion is extraction (with esterification), which involves crushing oilseeds to release their oil. Bioenergy is defined as fuels that can be created using existing technologies and can be solid, liquid, or gaseous. Techniques for physicochemical conversion are examined to effectively convert complex biomass components into biofuels, biobased compounds, and biogas.

Item Type:	Chapter in book
Creators:	Zahra, N., Ajanovic, T., Sher, F., Bernardo, P., Wang, S., Batmunkh, E., Saed, U.A., Petkoska, A.T., Allajbeu, S. and Américo-Pinheiro, J.H.P.
Publisher:	Elsevier
Date:	5 December 2025
ISBN:	9780443337710
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1016/b978-0-443-33771-0.00002-2 DOI 2555926 Other
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Jeremy Silvester
Date Added:	05 Feb 2026 09:46
Last Modified:	05 Feb 2026 09:46
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/55186

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