The influence of phylogeny, social style, and sociodemographic factors on macaque social network structure

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Balasubramaniam, KN, Beisner, BA, Berman, CM, De Marco, A, Duboscq, J, Koirala, S, Majolo, B, MacIntosh, AJ, McFarland, R ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8245-9269, Molesti, S, Ogawa, H, Petit, O, Schino, G, Sosa, S, Sueur, C, Thierry, B, de Waal, FBM and McCowan, B, 2018. The influence of phylogeny, social style, and sociodemographic factors on macaque social network structure. American Journal of Primatology, 80 (1): e22727. ISSN 0275-2565

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22727

Abstract

Among nonhuman primates, the evolutionary underpinnings of variation in social structure remain debated, with both ancestral relationships and adaptation to current conditions hypothesized to play determining roles. Here we assess whether interspecific variation in higher-order aspects of female macaque (genus: Macaca) dominance and grooming social structure show phylogenetic signals, that is, greater similarity among more closely-related species. We use a social network approach to describe higher-order characteristics of social structure, based on both direct interactions and secondary pathways that connect group members. We also ask whether network traits covary with each other, with species-typical social style grades, and/or with sociodemographic characteristics, specifically group size, sex-ratio, and current living condition (captive vs. free-living). We assembled 34–38 datasets of female-female dyadic aggression and allogrooming among captive and free-living macaques representing 10 species. We calculated dominance (transitivity, certainty), and grooming (centrality coefficient, Newman's modularity, clustering coefficient) network traits as aspects of social structure. Computations of K statistics and randomization tests on multiple phylogenies revealed moderate-strong phylogenetic signals in dominance traits, but moderate-weak signals in grooming traits. GLMMs showed that grooming traits did not covary with dominance traits and/or social style grade. Rather, modularity and clustering coefficient, but not centrality coefficient, were strongly predicted by group size and current living condition. Specifically, larger groups showed more modular networks with sparsely-connected clusters than smaller groups. Further, this effect was independent of variation in living condition, and/or sampling effort. In summary, our results reveal that female dominance networks were more phylogenetically conserved across macaque species than grooming networks, which were more labile to sociodemographic factors. Such findings narrow down the processes that influence interspecific variation in two core aspects of macaque social structure. Future directions should include using phylogeographic approaches, and addressing challenges in examining the effects of socioecological factors on primate social structure.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	American Journal of Primatology
Creators:	Balasubramaniam, K.N., Beisner, B.A., Berman, C.M., De Marco, A., Duboscq, J., Koirala, S., Majolo, B., MacIntosh, A.J., McFarland, R., Molesti, S., Ogawa, H., Petit, O., Schino, G., Sosa, S., Sueur, C., Thierry, B., de Waal, F.B.M. and McCowan, B.
Publisher:	Wiley
Date:	January 2018
Volume:	80
Number:	1
ISSN:	0275-2565
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1002/ajp.22727 DOI 1492368 Other
Rights:	This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Balasubramaniam, K. N., Beisner, B. A., Berman, C. M., De Marco, A., Duboscq, J., Koirala, S., …McCowan, B. (2018). The influence of phylogeny, social style, and sociodemographic factors on macaque social network structure. American Journal of Primatology, 80(1), which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22727 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
Divisions:	Schools > School of Social Sciences
Record created by:	Laura Ward
Date Added:	15 Nov 2021 16:51
Last Modified:	15 Nov 2021 16:51
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/44796