Exploring potential storage-based flexibility gains of electric vehicles in smart distribution grids

Pirouzi, A, Aghaei, J, Pirouzi, S, Vahidinasab, V ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0779-8727 and Jordehi, AR, 2022. Exploring potential storage-based flexibility gains of electric vehicles in smart distribution grids. Journal of Energy Storage, 52 (C): 105056. ISSN 2352-152X

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Abstract

Flexibility is one of the most important solutions for facilitating the variability of renewable energy sources (RESs) in a distribution network. It is predicted that electric vehicles (EVs) can play an effective role in improving it in the distribution networks. So, this paper presents multiobjective scheduling of batteries of EVs in parking lots (EVPLs) to improve the storage-based flexibility of smart distribution networks (SDNs). The proposed formulation minimizes the energy cost and the voltage deviation function and maximizes the system flexibility (SF) as multiobjective functions that will be optimized subject to the AC load flow, RES and EV constraints, and the allowable limits of the flexibility and operation indices. The resulting model is in the form of a nonlinear programming (NLP) model. Therefore, an equivalent linear programming (LP) formulation is obtained for the original problem to achieve the global optimum result. The stochastic programming approach is used to model uncertainties of the load, active power generation of RESs, price of energy, and EV parameters. The flexible power management is formulated as one of the objective functions of the proposed multiobjective framework, which is solved by using the ε-constraint method, reaching the best possible compromise solution by a fuzzy decision-maker. The proposed framework is tested by using a 33-bus radial test distribution network in the GAMS software environment to evaluate the EVs capability in improving the flexibility indices. Based on the numerical results, it is observed that the proposed scheme with optimal energy management of EVs is able to obtain a high flexibility for SDN. It can also reduce energy losses in terms of network operation and provide a rather smooth voltage profile.

Item Type:	Journal article
Publication Title:	Journal of Energy Storage
Creators:	Pirouzi, A., Aghaei, J., Pirouzi, S., Vahidinasab, V. and Jordehi, A.R.
Publisher:	Elsevier BV
Date:	25 August 2022
Volume:	52 (C)
ISSN:	2352-152X
Identifiers:	Number Type 10.1016/j.est.2022.105056 DOI S2352152X22010581 Publisher Item Identifier 1552734 Other
Rights:	© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Divisions:	Schools > School of Science and Technology
Record created by:	Linda Sullivan
Date Added:	15 Jun 2022 11:00
Last Modified:	15 Jun 2022 11:00
URI:	https://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/46448

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